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COPD in Non-Smokers: Early Symptoms and Risk Factors

As the name suggests, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a long-term, progressive lung disease that causes obstructed airflow to the lungs. While smoking is a major risk factor, non-smokers can also develop COPD, often due to exposure to pollutants or genetics. If you are a non-smoker, it’s important to be aware of the early warning signs of COPD. Here are five early symptoms to look out for:

1. Excessive mucus
If you find yourself coughing up mucus on a regular basis, it could be a sign of COPD. This is because COPD causes inflammation in the lungs, which leads to an increase in mucus production. This excess mucus can make it harder to breathe and may even cause wheezing

2. Wheezing and shortness of breath
Wheezing is a high-pitched whistling sound that occurs when you breathe. It can be a sign of COPD, especially if it’s accompanied by shortness of breath. You may find that you get out of breath more easily than usual, or that you have to stop and catch your breath after climbing a flight of stairs

3. Chronic cough
A persistent cough is another early warning sign of COPD. This is because COPD irritates the airways, which can lead to a chronic cough. You may find that your cough is worse in the morning, or that it gets worse when you’re exposed to certain triggers, such as cold air or dust

4. Unexplained fatigue and low energy
COPD can also cause fatigue and low energy levels. This is because your body has to work harder to breathe when you have COPD, which can be tiring. You may find that you feel tired even after a good night’s sleep, or that you don’t have the energy to do the things you used to enjoy

5. Recurrent respiratory infections
If you find that you’re getting respiratory infections more frequently than usual, it could be a sign of COPD. This is because COPD weakens the immune system, making it easier for bacteria and viruses to take hold. You may find that you get frequent colds, or that you have more severe symptoms when you do get sick

If you’re experiencing any of these early warning signs of COPD, it’s important to speak to your healthcare provider. They can perform a lung function test and evaluate your symptoms to determine if you have COPD. Depending on your diagnosis, your healthcare provider may recommend treatments such as the Stiolto Respimat Inhaler or TRELEGY inhaler, or alpha 1 antitrypsin as a risk of COPD. In some cases, the use of portable oxygen concentrators may also be recommended to help with breathing. By catching COPD early and getting proper treatment, you can help prevent the disease from progressing and improve your quality of life.



Applying ice on the muscles is a well-accepted practice for pain and soreness. Typically, athletes apply ice pack on their muscles when they injure themselves or get hurt. Sometimes, athletes and sportspersons also take an ice bath after intense sporting sessions or athletic performances.

Muscle injury

When you undergo intense training sessions or workouts that stretch your muscles for a long time, your muscles may get strained. This may result in muscle injury. It is also referred to as a muscle pull or muscle tear. However, it is not always linked to your muscles. Sometimes, the tendons attached to your muscles may also get strained due to undue or prolonged pressure. Such pulls or strains can also occur during strenuous daily activities or heavy lifting. On such occasions, icing your muscles immediately after you start feeling the pain can help in alleviating the pain. However, if you have a muscle tear, icing may not bring much relief to you. In that case, you should report to hospital emergency.

Types of muscle injury

Broadly speaking, there are two types of muscle injuries–acute and chronic.

Acute injury

Acute injuries are those that occur suddenly. You may twist your ankle when you suddenly step in a hole. You may sprain your shoulder or groin muscle during a football game or other athletic activities. These are sudden injuries. You are likely to get a sudden and intense pain along with some swelling. Swelling is body’s natural reaction to injury. It is, in fact, the body’s defense mechanism to heal the injury. The best remedy for such acute injuries is icing your muscles. You need to put a pack of ice to the affected area. Apply ice until the pain subsides. However, if you apply it continuously, the muscles may also get numb. So the practical approach is to apply ice for 20 minutes. The ice pack should not directly touch your skin. This may result in skin injury. It may be put in a bag or something similar so that you only feel the cold without the ice directly touching the skin. However, icing your muscle is not a substitute for medical intervention. If the pain goes away completely and does not return, then you may not need medical intervention. However, if the pain persists, then you should go to a doctor to see if there is a major injury.

Chronic Injury

Chronic injuries are those that develop over a long time. An acute injury itself can become chronic if the pain does not go away within a few days. However, such injuries may also develop slowly and go unnoticed. One fine morning, it may develop into a pain. Although such pain can be alleviated to some extent by icing your muscles, you should visit a doctor to treat the underlying cause, if any.

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Myelodysplastic syndromes, or MDS, are a group of disorders caused by poorly formed blood cells or ones that don’t work properly. The MDS life expectancy varies greatly from patient to patient, depending on several factors, including age, overall health, and how well the disease responds to treatment. One of the major complications of MDS is that it can cause anemia, a condition characterized by a lack of red blood cells. It’s important to recognize the warning signs of MDS to seek early treatment. Here are ten signs that may indicate the presence of this disease.

1. Fatigue

One of the most common symptoms of MDS is fatigue. This is primarily due to anemia, which can make you feel tired and weak. If you’re feeling unusually fatigued, it might be worth discussing with your doctor.

2. Shortness of breath

Another sign of MDS can be shortness of breath, especially during physical activities. This symptom is also related to anemia, as your body isn’t getting enough oxygen due to a lack of red blood cells.

3. Frequent infections

MDS can cause your white blood cell count to drop, making you more susceptible to infections. If you find that you’re getting sick more often than usual, it could be a sign of MDS.

4. Easy bruising or bleeding

If you notice that you’re bruising easily or bleeding more than usual, it could be a sign of MDS. This is because MDS can affect your platelet count, which is responsible for blood clotting.

5. Skin paleness

Anemia, a common complication of MDS, can cause your skin to look paler than usual. This is due to the lack of red blood cells, which give your skin its color.

Now that we’ve covered the warning signs, let’s look at some FDA-approved treatments for MDS.

6. Blood transfusions

Blood transfusions are often used to treat anemia in people with MDS. This involves receiving healthy blood from a donor to increase your red blood cell count.

7. Medications

Several medications can be used to treat MDS, including growth factors to stimulate your body to make more blood cells, and immunosuppressive drugs to help your body accept these new cells.

8. Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is often used to kill off abnormal cells in your bone marrow. This can help to slow the progression of MDS and alleviate some symptoms.

9. Stem cell transplant

A stem cell transplant involves replacing your diseased bone marrow with healthy marrow from a donor. This can potentially cure MDS, but it’s a complex procedure with significant risks.

10. Supportive care

Supportive care involves managing the symptoms of MDS, such as fatigue and shortness of breath. This can include medications, physical therapy, and lifestyle changes.

In conclusion, it’s important to recognize the warning signs of MDS and seek treatment early. With the right care, it’s possible to manage this disease and maintain a good quality of life.

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Life insurance is a critical safety net for many individuals, especially those over 50 or seniors who want to ensure their loved ones are financially secure after they’re gone. But it’s essential to understand that not all situations are covered by life insurance policies. Here are seven things that life insurance does not typically cover.

1. Fraudulent information

One of the key aspects insurance companies look at when underwriting a policy is the honesty of the information provided. If you have lied or omitted important information on your application, your insurer can deny your beneficiaries’ claim. Always be honest and thorough when applying for life insurance.

2. Suicide within the exclusion period

Most life insurance policies include a clause that excludes coverage for suicide within the first two years of the policy. This period may vary depending on the insurance company and the specific policy, but it’s a standard exclusion across the industry.

3. Death from risky activities

If you regularly engage in high-risk activities such as skydiving, mountain climbing, or extreme sports, your life insurance policy may not cover death resulting from these activities. It’s crucial to disclose these hobbies when applying for insurance, as failing to do so could result in a denied claim.

4. Death in a war zone

Many life insurance policies exclude coverage for death occurring in a war zone. If you are a military personnel or a civilian working in a conflict area, you may need to seek a special policy or rider to cover this risk.

5. Illegal activities

If the policyholder dies while committing an illegal activity, the life insurance claim will likely be denied. This can include anything from driving under the influence to participating in criminal activities.

6. Certain health conditions

While life insurance for over 50 and life insurance for seniors are generally available, certain health conditions may not be covered. This is especially true for policies with a graded death benefit, which only pays out the full benefit if the policyholder lives a certain number of years after purchasing the policy.

7. Acts of God

Some life insurance policies may not cover deaths caused by acts of God, such as natural disasters. However, this exclusion is less common than others and can vary significantly between insurance companies and policies.

Now that you know what life insurance typically does not cover, it’s important to find a reliable provider. Some of the top companies that provide life insurance include New York Life, MetLife, Prudential Financial, and State Farm. These companies offer a variety of policies, including term life, whole life, and universal life insurance.

Remember, life insurance is a crucial part of financial planning, especially for those over 50 or seniors. Make sure to thoroughly read and understand your policy, and don’t hesitate to ask your insurance agent or company any questions you may have. It’s always better to be safe than sorry when it comes to protecting your loved ones’ financial future.

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Embarking on home improvement projects is a rewarding journey that can elevate your living space and enhance its functionality. From addressing water damage with companies that clean up water in the basement to upgrading roofing and gutters, and even considering Anderson window replacement, these hacks are designed to transform your home seamlessly. In this article, we explore seven ingenious home improvement hacks that will breathe new life into your living space.

1. Water damage prevention and cleanup 

Companies that specialize in cleaning up water in the basement play a crucial role in preventing and addressing water damage. Protect your home from potential disasters by addressing leaks, floods, or excess moisture promptly. Investing in professional services ensures a thorough cleanup and mitigation of water-related issues, preserving the structural integrity of your home.

2. Roofing and gutters upgrade 

Upgrading your roofing and gutters is a fundamental home improvement hack that protects your property from the elements. Consider durable roofing materials such as asphalt shingles, metal, or architectural tiles. Additionally, ensure your gutters are clean and well-maintained to prevent water damage and potential leaks. Regular inspections and prompt repairs contribute to the longevity of your roof and the overall health of your home.

3. Anderson window replacement 

Enhance your home’s aesthetic appeal and energy efficiency with Anderson window replacement. Anderson windows are renowned for their quality and durability. Upgrading to energy-efficient windows not only improves insulation but also adds a timeless and elegant touch to your interior and exterior spaces. The investment in high-quality windows pays off in energy savings and increased home value.

4. Creative storage solutions 

Maximize your living space by incorporating creative storage solutions. Utilize under-the-stair storage, built-in shelving, or multifunctional furniture to optimize every square foot. These solutions not only declutter your home but also add a touch of innovation to your decor, making your living space both functional and stylish.

5. Smart home technology integration 

Embrace the future of home living by integrating smart home technology. From smart thermostats and lighting to security systems, these technologies enhance convenience, energy efficiency, and security. Smart home devices can be easily controlled through mobile apps, providing remote access and customization options to suit your lifestyle.

6. DIY painting projects 

A fresh coat of paint is one of the most transformative and cost-effective home improvement hacks. Whether it’s an accent wall, a room makeover, or refreshing exterior surfaces, painting projects can instantly breathe new life into your home. Experiment with different colors and finishes to create a personalized and updated look.

7. Energy-efficient lighting upgrades 

Switching to energy-efficient lighting options is not only environmentally conscious but also financially savvy. Replace outdated incandescent bulbs with LED or CFL alternatives to reduce energy consumption and lower utility bills. Additionally, consider installing motion sensor lights in outdoor areas for enhanced security and energy efficiency.

Embarking on home improvement projects is an exciting endeavor that allows you to tailor your living space to your preferences and needs. From addressing water damage with professional cleanup services to upgrading roofing and gutters, considering Anderson window replacement, and embracing creative storage solutions, these home improvement hacks offer practical and innovative ways to transform your home. Whether you’re looking to enhance aesthetics, increase energy efficiency, or optimize functionality, these hacks provide a roadmap for a more comfortable and stylish living environment.

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